मराठीच्या बोलींचे सर्वेक्षण

Survey of Dialects of the Marathi Language

  English | मराठी

Ego’s father’s elder brother, ego’s father’s younger brother, ego’s fathers elder brother’s wife, egos father’s younger brother’s wife

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The lexical variants presented in the note below are arranged according to their frequency of occurrence in the survey data-from most frequent to least frequent.

The words reported to refer to the concepts ‘ego’s father's elder brother’ and ego’s father's elder brother's wife’ show variation in different regions of Maharashtra.

The following words were noted for the concept ‘ego’s father's elder brother’: culta, kaka, moṭʰa baba, moṭʰe wəḍil, moṭʰa bapu, moṭʰa bap, moṭʰa pəppa, mʰalpa, moṭʰa aba, čača, babas, wəḍlo titi, wəḍao, ḍʰal baba moṭe pitaǰi,, aǰoba, kʰəba, bəḍo bap, bəḍe əbba, aǰlo, bʰawla, əṅkəl, etc. , while the following words were noted for the concept ‘ego’s fathers elder brother’s wife’: culti, moṭʰi ai, kaki, moṭʰi ma, bəḍi əmmi, čači, moṭi məmmi, moṭʰi bay, mʰalpi, titi may, aṇṭi, bʰawlanis, aǰi, dʰoḍawa, mawši,etc. The words moṭʰa bap or moṭʰa wəḍil were noted in conjunction with the adjective moṭʰa ‘big (=elder)’ as the elder brother of the father is older than the father; similar observations were made regarding the word moṭʰi ai.

Very few variants were observed for the concepts ‘ego’s father's younger brother and ‘ego’s father’s younger brother’s wife’. The words culta and kaka were mainly observed for the concept ‘ego’s father's younger brother’ whereas the words culti, kaki or kaku were observed for the concept ‘ego’s father's younger brother's wife’. While the words moṭʰa baba, moṭʰa wəḍil, moṭʰa bap were reported for the concept ‘ego’s fathers elder brother’, the words such as čʰoṭa baba, čʰoṭa wəḍil, čʰoṭa bap were not reported for the concept ‘ego’s father’s younger brother’.

The words culta-culti were reported all over Maharashtra. However, they were reported more frequently in western Maharashtra and Marathwada region. They were also reported widely in Pune, Solapur, Kolhapur, Satara, Sangli, Ahmednagar, Aurangabad, Nanded, Jalna, Beed, Parbhani, and Hingoli districts. In addition, they were observed in Raigad, Ratnagiri, and some parts of Nashik and Sindhudurg districts; they were reported infrequently in other parts of Maharashtra. The word čulta for the concept ‘ego’s father's younger brother’ was only reported by respondents of the Kunbi community in Gadchiroli district. The words culti, čulti, etc. were reported as phonetic variants of the word culti while the words culta, culte, culto, cultə, čulte, čulta, cultos, cultəs, etc. were reported as phonetic variants of the word culta.

The words kaka-kaki were the only reported words for the concepts ‘ego’s father's younger brother’ and ‘ego’s father's younger brother's wife’ all over Maharashtra. However, the words kaka-kaki were widely reported to refer to the concepts ‘ego’s father's elder brother’ and ‘ego’s father's elder brother's wife’ in Sindhudurg, Ratnagiri, Raigad, Thane, and Palghar districts. The words kaka-kaku were noted more frequently in Dhule, Nandurbar, and Jalgaon districts. Apart from this, these words were also noted in other parts of Maharashtra. The words kaki, kaku, moṭʰi kaki, moṭʰya kaku etc. were reported as variants of the word kaki while the words kaka, moṭʰe kaka, kako, moṭʰo kaka, kakaǰi etc. were reported as variants of the word kaka.

The words moṭʰe baba-moṭʰi ai and the word moṭʰe wəḍil were widely reported in Vidarbha region. They were reported infrequently in Dhule, Nandurbar, Jalgaon, Nashik, Thane, and Palghar districts. They were also observed in Soygaon taluka of Aurangabad district, and Kinwat and Mukhed talukas of Nanded district. These words were reported rarely in Pune, Kolhapur, and Latur districts. Phonetic variations of the word moṭʰi ai include moṭʰi ai, moṭi ai, moti ay, tʰorli ai, ai, moṭʰi aya, boṭʰi ay, aya, mʰoṭya a, mʰoṭya aya, moṭa aya, moṭə aya, moṭʰya aya, muṭṭi ai, ay, moṭʰay, moṭʰya ai, culət ai, mʰoṭi ai, moṭya ai, bəḍi ai, etc. The words moṭi, boṭʰi, moṭya, mʰoṭya, moṭʰya, moṭə were reported as phonetic variants of the word moṭʰi whereas the words ay, ayəs, aya, a were reported as phonetic variants of the word ai.

Phonetic variations of the word moṭʰe baba include moṭʰe baba, moṭʰa baba, moṭe baba, ba, moṭʰa ba, moṭʰa bapa, moṭa ba, moṭʰe ba, moṭe aba, babǰi, moṭʰo babo, bəḍo bap, moṭe baba, babaji, bəḍe baba, etc. The word moṭʰe babu or moṭʰa babu was only observed in the Kohli and Binjewar communities of Bhandara and Gondiya districts.

The words moṭʰi may-moṭʰa bap were reported in Vidarbha and northern Maharashtra. They were also reported infrequently in Nanded and Jalna districts of Marathwada region, and Soygaon taluka of Aurangabad district. Lexical variations of the word moṭʰi may include moṭ may, hoḍli may, moṭʰi may, tʰorli may, etc. The variant may is observed for the word ai whereas the variants tit, hoḍ, kʰuṭ, kʰən, etc. were reported for the word moṭʰi. Phonetic variations of the word moṭʰa bap include moṭya bap, moṭʰa bap, moṭʰo bap, mʰoṭa ba, moṭa bap, etc.

The word moṭʰi ma was reported in Bhandara, Gondiya, Amravati, and Gadchiroli districts. Additionally, it was reported infrequently by respondents of the Teli community in Jalgaon district, Kasar community in Dhule district, and Bhil community in Nandurbar district. The words ma, moṭʰi ma, bəḍi ma, moṭi ma, mʰoṭi ma, etc. were noted as its variants.

The word moṭʰi bay was observed in Nandurbar, Raigad, and Jalna districts. The words moṭʰi bay, moṭibəy, bai were reported as its variants. The word moṭa bapu was reported in Palghar district and infrequently reported in Hingoli, Washim, and Bhandara districts. Phonetic variations of this word include motʰa bapu, moṭe bapa, moṭʰa bapu, moṭʰe bappuǰi etc.

The words moṭa pəppa-moṭʰi məmmi were reported more frequently in Nagpur and Gondiya districts than the other districts. These words were reported infrequently in Amravati, Jalgaon, Nandurbar, Palghar, Nashik, Aurangabad, Nanded, and Solapur districts; they were only reported by educated young girls. Phonetic variations of these words include moṭi məmmi, moṭʰi məmmi, mʰoṭi məmmi, moṭʰa pəppa, pəppa, moṭe pəpa, moṭʰe pəppa, moṭe pəppa, mʰoṭe pəppaǰi, moṭə pəppa, etc.

The words mʰalpa-mʰalpi were noted in Bhandara and Gondiya districts. They were mainly observed in the Kunbi community of Gadchiroli district; they were also recorded in the Dhiwar community among illiterate speakers. Phonetic variations of the word mʰalpi include mʰalpi, malpi, etc. and phonetic variations of the word mʰalpa includes mahalpa, malpa, mʰalpa, malpe etc.

The word moṭʰa aba was noted in Palghar, Thane, and Amravati districts.

The word moṭʰe dada was reported in Bhandara and Gondiya districts. The words mʰoṭa dada, mʰoṭe daǰi, motʰa dada, moṭe dada, moṭe dadaǰi, mʰoṭa dadaǰi etc. were reported as its variants.

Phonetic variations of the words bəḍe pəppa-bəḍi məmmi include bəḍ məmmi, bəḍe məmmi, bəḍi məmmi, bəḍe pəppa, bəḍe papa, etc. These words were mainly reported by the educated youth in Nagpur, Wardha, Amravati, Bhandara, and Gondiya districts. They were also recorded in the Teli community of Jalgaon district.

The words čača-čači were reported by respondents of the Muslim communities in Nagothane village in Raigad district and Nandgaon village in Aurangabad district. The words bəḍe abba, bəḍe əbba, aba, bəḍi əmmi were observed in the Muslim communities in Naygaon village in Aurangabad district, and Nandgaon village in Sindhudurg district.

The words baba-ai and kaka-kaki attached with ‘-s’ at the word-final position were observed in Thane, Palghar, Nashik and Raigad districts. Such words were reported in the Katkari, Thakur, Kokna, Warli, and Mahadev koli communities of these regions; however, they were not observed in the Mahadev koli and Warli communities of Nashik district. Following words were observed with '-s' at the word-final position for the concept ‘ego’s father’s elder brother’s wife’: kakus, kakiš, moṭʰi ais, moṭya ayəs, moṭʰya ais, moṭi ais, moṭi ais, moṭʰyas, ais, etc. while the words kakas, moṭʰa bas, moṭʰa bʰas, moṭʰa bəhas, babas, babus, moṭʰe babas, moṭa babas etc. were observed for the concept ‘ego’s father’s elder brother’. The word moṭya bapus was only observed among members of the Warli community in Palghar district.

The words wəlo titi-titi may were noted in the Christian community of Sindhudurg district. Phonetic variations of the word titi may include titi may, timay etc. while the words tiwa, titi, wəḍlo titi, hoḍli pay etc. were reported as variants of the word wəḍlo titi.

The words ḍəɡər baba-ḍəɡər ai were observed in the Dhiwar, Mana, and Gond communities of Gadchiroli district. The words ḍəɡər baba, ḍəɡər baǰi, ḍəɡər babaǰi; ḍɡrai and ḍəɡər ai, etc. were reported as their variants. The words bəḍe babu-bəḍi ma were reported in Gadchiroli district by respondents of the Kawar community who speak Chhattisgarhi as their mother tongue; these words were also observed in the Dhiwar community of Chandrapur district.

The words moṭʰo babo-moʰi may were reported by respondents of the Bhil community in Prakasha, a village in Nandurbar district. The words wəao-wəḍai were observed in the Dubla and Dhodia communities of Talasari taluka in Palghar district who have migrated to Maharashtra from Gujarat. The words ḍʰal baba-ḍʰalai were noted in the Pawara community in Vaijapur, a village in Jalgaon district.

The word moṭe pitaǰi was reported in Gondiya district whereas the word bəḍa pitaǰi was noted in Amravati district.

The words kʰba-kʰən may were observed among members of the Korku community in Dharni taluka of Amravati district. The words kʰuṭ may, kʰən may, kʰan may, kʰəba, kʰəṭba, etc. were reported as their variants. The word kʰəba was reported to refer to the concept ‘ego’s father's elder brother’ while the word kʰən may was reported to refer to the concept ‘ego’s father's elder brother's wife’. The words aǰlo-aǰli were observed in the Bhil community in Khandbara village of Nandurbar district. The word aǰoba was only noted in the Bhil communities of Chinchpada and Khandbara villages of Nandurbar district whereas the word aǰi was noted in Chinchpada and Dhanora villages of Nandurbar district and Nirul village in Jalgaon district. This word was reported particularly among members of the Bhil, Pawara, Gujar, and Chambhar communities.

The words bəḍḍo-bəḍdi were observed in the Rajgond community in Tedwa village of Gondiya district.

The words bəḍo bap-bəi bai were observed in Rajput bhamta and Chamaru communities in Pimpalkhuta, a village in Aurangabad district. The words bəḍo bap-bəḍi bai, bəḍ babo-bəḍ mai, etc. were reported as their variants.

The words əṅkəl-aṇi were reported by educated young girls in Vaijapur and Wakod villages in Jalgaon district. Additionally, the word əṅkl was observed in the Christian community of Vengurla taluka in Sindhudurg district.

The word dʰoḍawa was reported by the Kannada speakers in Solapur, Osmanabad, and Kolhapur districts which are adjacent to the Karnataka state border. The word dʰoḍawa is derived from Kannada, with combination of the two words dʰoḍ ‘big (=elder)’ and awa ‘mother. Phonetic variations of the word dʰoḍawa include dʰoḍawa, awwa, əwa, dəḍḍaw, etc.

The word moṭʰa bawa was observed in Amravati district. The word bəḍa bʰausa was reported in Palaskhed, a village in Aurangabad district.

The word mawši was reported by respondents of the Kolam community in Chandrapur district for the concept ‘ego’s father’s younger brother’s wife’.

It is typically observed that the words used to refer to ego’s father and mother were also used to refer to the concepts ‘ego’s father’s elder brother’ and ‘ego’s fathers elder brother’s wife’ in conjunction with the adjective moṭʰa ‘big (=elder)’.